Two-story brick and iron-front commercial buildings with tall windows along the Strand in Galveston under a deep blue sky.
Carol M. Highsmith / public domain via the Library of Congress
Texas · Region

Galveston, Brazoria & the Upper Coast

The Strand and Bishop's Palace, the Elissa, Galveston's Juneteenth sites and the 1900 storm seawall, Varner-Hogg and Levi Jordan plantations, Columbia and Matagorda Bay.

10 places to explore

Galveston Island was Karankawa country, and in 1528 Cabeza de Vaca's shipwrecked party probably came ashore on it or close by. Jean Laffite ran his smuggling camp here from 1817 to 1820, and after the Revolution Michel Menard and his partners bought the harbor land and laid out a city. Cotton went out and immigrants came in, and by 1870 Galveston was the largest city in Texas, with the Strand as its business street.

On June 19, 1865, Union general Gordon Granger issued General Order No. 3 at Galveston, telling the people of Texas that all slaves were free, and Juneteenth began here. On September 8, 1900, a hurricane killed between 6,000 and 8,000 people in the city. Galveston answered with a seventeen-foot seawall and raised its ground level, jacking up 2,146 buildings and pumping sand beneath them, a church of 3,000 tons among them.

Southwest along State Highway 288 and the coast road, Brazoria County was the heart of Austin's colony, where eighty-nine of the Old Three Hundred held land. Its sugar and cotton plantations were worked by enslaved people, 5,110 of them by 1860, and Varner-Hogg and Levi Jordan tell that history. The Republic's first Congress met at Columbia, where Sam Houston was inaugurated on October 22, 1836. Matagorda, laid out in 1827, sits where the Colorado meets the bay, and Wharton lies upriver.

What to See in Galveston, Brazoria & the Upper Coast

10 places across the region, grouped by what they are.

Natural Areas

Open water ringed by tall marsh grass and low shrubs under a blue sky with white clouds at Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge.

Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge

Freeport

Coastal prairie, salt marsh and bays between Freeport and Christmas Bay, where an auto tour along Big Slough passes wintering geese, ducks and wading birds in the tens of thousands.

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Shallow surf washing over a wide sand beach at Galveston Island State Park, seen through a fisheye lens.

Galveston Island State Park

Galveston

A cattle ranch willed to the state that now runs the full width of Galveston Island, from two miles of Gulf beach across dunes and prairie to the marshes of West Galveston Bay.

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Historic Sites

The red brick Ashton Villa on Broadway in Galveston, with iron galleries on two floors, framed by palms behind an iron fence.

1859 Ashton Villa

Galveston

A brick Italianate house on Broadway, built with enslaved labor in 1859, whose lawn has held Galveston's Juneteenth commemoration of General Orders, No. 3 every year since 1979.

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The wide walk along the top of the Galveston seawall at sunset, with the Gulf on one side and parked cars on Seawall Boulevard.

Galveston Seawall and the 1900 Storm

Galveston

The concrete wall along the Gulf that Galveston built after the hurricane of September 8, 1900, which killed between 6,000 and 8,000 people in a city of 38,000.

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Levi Jordan Plantation State Historic Site

Brazoria

A sugar and cotton plantation on the San Bernard River whose enslaved builders and their descendants left one of the best-preserved African American archeological sites in Texas.

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The four-story Moody Mansion in Galveston, red brick and stone with arched porches and turreted gables, among palm trees.

Moody Mansion

Galveston

A four-story, 28,000-square-foot house on Broadway, finished in 1895, that W. L. Moody Jr. bought just after the 1900 storm and his family kept until Hurricane Alicia in 1983.

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The three-masted barque Elissa moored at her pier in Galveston, her rigging and yards against a deep blue sky.

Texas Seaport Museum and the Elissa

Galveston

An iron barque launched in Aberdeen in 1877 that called at Galveston twice, ended up smuggling in the Adriatic, and was bought back from a Greek scrapyard to sail again from Pier 22.

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A row of nineteenth-century commercial buildings with ornate brick and iron fronts and balconies on the Strand in Galveston.

The Strand

Galveston

Five blocks of iron-front brick buildings near the harbor that were once called the Wall Street of the Southwest, emptied after 1900 and brought back by preservationists from the 1960s.

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The white-columned plantation house at Varner-Hogg near West Columbia, behind a wide lawn framed by large trees.

Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historic Site

West Columbia

A Brazos sugar plantation built by enslaved people for the Patton family, later leased convict labor and Hogg family oil, now told through Rachel Patton and Sarah Ford.

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Architecture

The turreted stone Bishop's Palace on Broadway in Galveston, with arched galleries, carved trim and a conical tower roof.

1892 Bishop's Palace

Galveston

Nicholas Clayton's stone house on Broadway for the railroad lawyer Walter Gresham, later home to Galveston's Catholic bishops and one of the most admired Victorian houses in the country.

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Galveston, Brazoria & the Upper Coast rewards the unhurried. Pick a base, fan out, and let the country between the headline stops surprise you.

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