Yankton, Sioux, Dakota, Ihanktunwan

The treaty's clerk wrote the Ihanktonwan (Yankton) signers' names in rough phonetic Dakota beside English glosses, and this monument, raised in 1907 as the treaty's fifty years of annuities neared their end, carves several of them back in the people's own spelling. The clerk's Cha-ton-wo-ka-pa, the grabbing hawk, is Cetanwokape here; E-ha-we-cha-sha, the owl man, is Hinhanwicasa; Ma-ra-ha-ton, the iron horn, is Mazahetun. The payments those men bargained for fell by stages, from $65,000 a year in the first decade to $15,000 a year for the last twenty.

What the plaque says

To commemorate the treaty between the United States of America and the Yankton tribe of Sioux or Dakota Indians; concluded at Washington D. C. April 19, 1858; ratified by the Senate February 16, 1859. Yankton In memory of the Yankton chiefs, who made the treaty of 1858. Struck by the Ree Black Bear Medicine Cow White Swan Pretty Boy Feather in the Ear Crazy Bull Frank Deloria Sioux Delegates, who signed the treaty of 1858. Charles Picotte Jumping Thunder Mazahetun Numkalipa Running Bull Walking Elk Standing Elk Bad Voice Elk Cetanwokape Hinhanwicasa Ihanktunwan The tribal councilors who kept the peace and saw that the agreements of the fifty year treaty were all fulfilled. Fat Mandan-Little Thunder Tunkannahomni-Lean Elk Iron Necklace-Little Bird Mad Walking-His Fly Pipe Big Voice Bear-Susnakeduta Sunkamakomani-Kidowanpi John Ree-Frank Jandreau Dakota

Where it stands

Worth the stop nearby

• Fort Randall — 14 mi
  The ruined stone chapel of an 1856 Missouri River post below Fort Randall Dam, where Sitting Bull and his band were held as prisoners for two years.
• Ponca Tribal Museum and Old Ponca Agency — 21 mi
  The Ponca Tribe of Nebraska's museum, powwow arena, talking trail and bison herd at the old agency near Niobrara, on homeland the nation was forced from in 1877.

More markers nearby

• Marty Mission — 5.2 mi
• Commanding Officers Quarters — 12 mi
• Fort Randall Chapel — 13 mi
• Fort Randall Map — 13 mi