Camp Bowie in World War I

Camp Bowie changed the city around it. Fort Worth leaders leased empty land west of town to the government, and in two years the camp trained more than 100,000 soldiers, about 3,000 of them Black. The Handbook of Texas says its infrastructure led to the Arlington Heights development, and that city and federal officials used the camp to shut down Hell's Half Acre, the red-light district, pushing prostitution and gambling out of sight. Fort Worth's Black population also rose, especially in the Como and Rock Island Bottom neighborhoods.

What the plaque says

Camp Bowie in World War I Headquarters, 36th Division, United States Army, 1917-1919. Established to train Texas National Guard and Oklahoma National Guard, after the U.S. entered World War I April 1917. Named for James Bowie (1795-1836), one of the commanders who died at the Alamo in Texas War for Independence, Camp Bowie was occupied in July 1917. First troops to arrive slept in deep Johnson grass that covered the site, an undeveloped suburb. By Nov. 1917, the 36th Division had 25,000 men here, and on July 8, 1918, they were shipped to France, to form reserve for French Armies of the Center. After nightfall, Oct. 6, the 36th occupied a segment of the fighting front; on Oct. 8 joined by elements of the U.S. 2nd Division, it captured St. Etienne-A-Arnes. It fought Oct. 10-28 in the Meuse-Argonne operation that shattered the German Army and assured victory to the Allies, bringing Armistice on Nov. 11, 1918. The 36th Division, embarking for home the next May, had all its men on U.S. soil by June 11, 1919. Soon demobilized, it saw its "Home" at Camp Bowie revert to civilian uses between July 1919 and Aug. 1920. When the Texas National Guard entered World War II its new camp at Brownwood was also named Bowie. (1973)

Where it stands

Worth the stop nearby

• National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame — 0.7 mi
  A hall of fame begun in Hereford in 1975 to honor rodeo women, widened in 1977 to Western heritage, and housed in Fort Worth's Cultural District since 2002.
• Kimbell Art Museum — 0.9 mi
  Louis Kahn's cycloid-vaulted museum of 1972, built from Kay Kimbell's bequest and joined in 2013 by Renzo Piano's pavilion for the exhibitions the Kahn galleries could not hold.
• Tarrant County Courthouse — 2.9 mi
  A pink-granite courthouse of 1895 on the bluff where the Army set up Fort Worth in 1849, in a county named for the man who led the 1841 attack on the Native villages of Village Creek.
• Fort Worth Stockyards — 3.7 mi
  The brick-street cattle market where Armour and Swift built packing plants in 1902, now a National Register district with a Coliseum, a museum and a longhorn drive twice a day.

More markers nearby

• Herbert M. Hinckley — 0.8 mi
• Ormer Leslie Locklear — 1.5 mi
• Lawrence Clifton Elliott — 1.6 mi
• Ahavath Sholom Hebrew Cemetery — 1.7 mi