Last Great Panhandle Cattle Drive to Montana

The drive's St. Louis owners left a mark on Western art. William and Frederick Niedringhaus, whose fortune in enameled graniteware let them found the Granite City Steel Company, ran the N Bar N in Texas alongside their main holdings in Montana, and William became an early patron of Charles M. Russell, giving him commissions and urging him to paint full time. The family long owned the largest collection of Russell's paintings. In Panhandle City the ranch used a house built of lumber hauled by oxcart from Dodge City; restored, it is the nucleus of the Square House Museum here.

What the plaque says

Last Great Panhandle Cattle Drive to Montana Each spring and summer after 1880, many Texas herds went up the trail to Northern states for fattening. For the cowboys, trail drives meant hard work. They had to turn stampedes, ford rivers and quicksand streams, and fight Indians and cattle thieves. They endured hunger, thirst, and other physical hardships. The Last Great Texas Panhandle Drive was organized here at N Bar N (N-N) Headquarters. Ranch manager was J.L. Harrison; trail boss, T.L. (Tom) Coffee. 100 cowboys drove 10 herds, each with 2500 cattle, or a total of 25,000 beeves, to Montana from April to September 1892. The cattle belonged to Niedringhaus Brothers, German tinsmiths of St. Louis, who put into ranching a fortune made in enamel granite household wares. From 1882 to 1886, N Bar N leased range in Carson and neighboring counties from the Francklyn Land & Cattle Company, a British syndicate backed by Cunard Steamship Line. Afterward this range belonged to White Deer Land Company. The N Bar N outfit left here because White Deer Land Company wanted the range cleared of large herds. By 1907 the 650,000 acres of its land was offered for sale to small ranchers and farmers. It was fenced and the steam plow introduced to turn the rich, grassy sod. (1965)

Where it stands

Worth the stop nearby

• Carson County Square House Museum — steps away
  The 1880s ranch cottage that is the oldest house in the town of Panhandle, at the heart of a twenty-one-building museum of the plains from mammoth hunters to the oil boom.
• Gem Theatre — 16 mi
  Claude's small-town movie house of 1915, restored by the Armstrong County Museum and remembered for the scene in Hud where Homer and Lonnie Bannon sing along to Clementine.
• Hutchinson County Museum — 23 mi
  Borger's museum on the three-mile Main Street of a 1926 oil boom town that drew 45,000 people in ninety days and was put under martial law in 1929.
• Lake Meredith National Recreation Area — 24 mi
  A Canadian River reservoir in 200-foot breaks, built to water the Panhandle's cities, that fell to a record 26 feet deep in 2013 and still rises and falls with the drought.

More markers nearby

• Finch-Lord-Nelson and the Founding of Panhandle City — steps away
• Old County Bookmobile, First "Inside Service" Bookmobile in Texas — steps away
• Texas Panhandle Pioneers - The Simms Brothers — steps away
• Temple Lea Houston — steps away